In Ancient Greece, heavily armoured soldiers called hoplites formed up in formations called phalanxes. When going into battle hoplites stood shoulder to shoulder so that their shields overlapped. Then they held their spears so that they pointed forwards over the shields. A phalanx was made up of 6 or more ranks of hoplites one behind the other.
from "100 Things you Need to Know about Arms & Armour" by Rupert Matthews
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